The UK Consumer Prices Index (CPI) annual rate of inflation rose to 4.5% in April, up from 4% in March.
The rise was due to a jump in transport costs, particularly air and sea fares, and alcohol and tobacco.
However, the Retail Prices Index (RPI) measure of inflation - which includes mortgage interest payments - fell slightly to 5.2% from 5.3% in March.
The rise in CPI was bigger than analysts had forecast and follows a surprise fall in the index last month.