The experiences of successful digital businesses such as Amazon, Airbnb, WeChat, Didi, Uber, Spotify or Expedia have implications for both consumer markets and the digital transformation of businesses across a wide spectrum of industries.  These platform-based business models have four characteristics in common: they are open, scalable, connected and intelligent.  Their success is largely due to their focus on a two-sided platform and the creation of a holistic business that skews a siloed approach.

Sonata Software Limited [1] and Mauro Guillén Zandman, Professor of International Management, The Wharton School, University of Pennsylvania, USA